'Series Circuit\r'

'Chapter 4 Chapter 4 electric car Circuits fundamental principle †Floyd © secure 2007 Prentice-H every(prenominal) Chapter 4 Series ropes compend All perimeters withdraw three common attributes. These argon: 1. A cum of potential drop. 2. A load. 3. A have a go at it travel guidebook. VS + R3 R1 R2 electric car Circuits basics †Floyd © secure 2007 Prentice-Hall Chapter 4 Series enlistments abridgment A serial rotary is star that has only one current cart track. R1 R1 R2 R3 VS R3 R2 VS R1 R2 R3 VS galvanising Circuits basic principle †Floyd © right of first publication 2007 Prentice-Hall Chapter 4 compendium Series circuit regulation for current:Because there is only one path, the current everywhere is the same. For example, the exercise on the first ammeter is 2. 0 mA, What do the other meters read? + 2. 0 mA _ VS _ R1 + 2. 0 mA _ R2 2. 0 mA + _ 2. 0 mA + © right of first publication 2007 Prentice-Hall Electric Circuits Fundamental s †Floyd Chapter 4 Series circuits analysis The number resistance of ohmic resistances in series is the sum of the individual resistors. For example, the resistors in a series circuit are 680 ? , 1. 5 k? , and 2. 2 k?. What is the total resistance? R1 VS 12 V 680 ? R2 1. 5 k? 4. 38 k? R3 2. 2 k?Electric Circuits Fundamentals †Floyd © Copyright 2007 Prentice-Hall Chapter 4 Series circuit Summary VS 12 V R1 680 ? R2 1. 5 k? R3 2. 2 k? Tabulating current, resistance, potentiality and billet is a useful way to add parameters in a series circuit. keep with the anterior example, complete the parameters listed in the Table. I1= 2. 74 mA I2= 2. 74 mA I3= 2. 74 mA IT= 2. 74 mA R1= 0. 68 k? R2= 1. 50 k? R3= 2. 20 k? RT= 4. 38 k? V1= 1. 86 V V2= 4. 11 V V3= 6. 03 V VS= 12 V P1= 5. 1 mW P2= 11. 3 mW P3= 16. 5 mW PT= 32. 9 mW © Copyright 2007 Prentice-HallElectric Circuits Fundamentals †Floyd Chapter 4 Summary Kirchhoff’s potentiality righteousness Kirchhof f’s potency virtue (KVL) is generally stated as: The sum of all the voltage drops just about a oneness unsympathetic path in a circuit is competent to the total source voltage in that closed path. KVL applies to all circuits, but you mustiness apply it to only one closed path. In a series circuit, this is (of course) the wide-cut circuit. Electric Circuits Fundamentals †Floyd © Copyright 2007 Prentice-Hall Chapter 4 Summary VS 12 V R1 680 ? R2 1. 5 k? Kirchhoff’s voltage right R3 2. 2 k?Notice in the series example given before that the sum of the resistor voltages is equal to the source voltage. I1= 2. 74 mA I2= 2. 74 mA I3= 2. 74 mA IT= 2. 74 mA R1= 0. 68 k? R2= 1. 50 k? R3= 2. 20 k? RT= 4. 38 k? V1= 1. 86 V P1= 5. 1 mW V2= 4. 11 V P2= 11. 3 mW V3= 6. 03 V P3= 16. 5 mW VS= 12 V PT= 32. 9 mW © Copyright 2007 Prentice-Hall Electric Circuits Fundamentals †Floyd Chapter 4 Summary Voltage partitioning rule The voltage drop across each given res istor in a series circuit is equal to the balance of that resistor to the total resistance, multiplied by source voltage.VS Assume R1 is twice the surface of R2. What is the voltage across R1? 8 V 12 V R1 R2 Electric Circuits Fundamentals †Floyd © Copyright 2007 Prentice-Hall Chapter 4 Voltage divider Summary R1 15 k? VS + 20 V R2 10 k? What is the voltage across R2? The total resistance is 25 k?. Applying the voltage divider decree: ? R2 V2 = ? ? RT ? ? 10 k? ? ? VS = ? ? 20 V = 8. 0 V ? 25 k? ? ? Notice that 40% of the source voltage is across R2, which represents 40% of the total resistance. Electric Circuits Fundamentals †Floyd © Copyright 2007 Prentice-Hall Chapter 4Voltage divider Summary Voltage dividers can be fall up for a variable railroad siding using a potentiometer. In the circuit shown, the output voltage is variable. VS + 15 V R1 20 k? R2 10 k? What is the extensivest output voltage available? 5. 0 V VOUT Electric Circuits Fundamentals †Floy d © Copyright 2007 Prentice-Hall Chapter 4 Summary R1 470 ? VS + 20 V R2 330 ? Power in Series Circuits consumption the voltage divider rule to queue V1 and V2. Then find the take into account in R1 and R2 and PT. Applying the voltage divider rule: ? 470 ? ? V1 = ? ? 20 V = 11. 75 V ? 800 ? ? ? 330 ? V2 = ? ? 20 V = 8. 25 V ? 800 ? ? The power dissipated by each resistor is: P= 1 (11. 75 V ) 2 470 ? 2 ( 8. 25 V ) = 0. 21 W P2 = 330 ? = 0. 29 W } PT = 0. 5 W Electric Circuits Fundamentals †Floyd © Copyright 2007 Prentice-Hall Chapter 4 Summary A VS + 12 V R1 5. 0 k? B R2 10 k? C Voltage measurements Voltage is congeneric and is measured with admiration to another bloom in the circuit. Voltages that are given with respect to institute are shown with a single subscript. For example, VA means the voltage at level off A with respect to ground (called mention ground).VB means the voltage at identify B with respect to ground. VAB means the voltage surrounded by point s A and B. What are VA, VB, and VAB for the circuit shown? VA = 12 V VB = 8 V VAB = 4 V Electric Circuits Fundamentals †Floyd © Copyright 2007 Prentice-Hall Chapter 4 Summary A R1 5. 0 k? B R2 10 k? C Voltage measurements screen background fictional character is not always at the lowest point in a circuit. Assume the ground is moved to B as shown. VS + 12 V What are VA, VB, and VC for the circuit? VA = 4 V VB = 0 V VC = ? 8 V Has VAB changed from the previous circuit?No, it is still 4 V Electric Circuits Fundamentals †Floyd © Copyright 2007 Prentice-Hall Chapter 4 Selected Key Terms Series In an electric circuit, a relationship of components in which the components are connected such that they provide a single path between both points. Kirchhoff’s A law stating that (1) the sum of the voltage voltage law drops around a closed eyelet equals the source voltage in that hand-build or (2) the algebraic sum of all of the voltages (drops and source) is zero. Volt age divider A circuit consisting of series resistors across which one or more output voltages are taken.Electric Circuits Fundamentals †Floyd © Copyright 2007 Prentice-Hall Chapter 4 Reference ground Selected Key Terms The metal phase that houses the assembly or a large conductive area on a printed circuit board is used as a common or reference point; also called common. A circuit condition in which the current path is broken. A circuit condition in which there is zero or an abnormally low resistance between two points; usually an inadvertent condition. Open short circuit Electric Circuits Fundamentals †Floyd © Copyright 2007 Prentice-Hall\r\n'