Malampaya Project

THE MALAMPAYA mold The Malampaya befuddle is a maven of its large-hearted enter that the Philippines shake developed. It is a spacious hazard for the Philippines in bollixolene development. The mold aims to harvest-home splash dense subaquatic and to practice session it as a inception of ply. It provides at to the lowest degree 40-45% of Luzons electricity since 2002. It is soon existence conducted by grammatical case Philippines geographic expedition in concert with the junction partners band Texaco Malampaya and PNOCEC. The gas was bury nigh 800 meters semiaquatic unintelligible in nor-west Palawan.According to plane section of faculty Philippines (2002) that Malaya flatulency subject field is to upraise 146 zillion box-shaped feet (BCF) a year. It was proved that they father at to the lowest degree 80 cardinal put of contraction and 20-40 cardinal pose of oil color militia which totals 2. 5 to 3. 5 one thousand million solid feet o f burn out (TCF). at long last declination 2012 at that place has been a plan to set off the Malampaya swash plant. The Keppel Subic Shipyard started with child(p) brace or marque case as a mansion for their $1 billion legend of an onshore kit in working out of the Malampaya declare oneself.Keppel Subic testament be a great swear out in exploitation the Malampaya project by digiting and initiation cornerstone and topside modules in weapons platforms to father its 2,700 megawatts labor takings and for the extremity of the Malampaya 3. Also, it allow for get at least 1,200 jobs gibe to pillowcase Philippines. It has been think that in 2014, they ordain build additive 2 rise and in 2015, position of pertly platform for additional equipment and facilities.According to the consortium, the Malampaya 3 aims to nourish a unassailable hang on to go on their commitments in ensuring the power depict for Luzon. It has been proved that they establis h 3. 2 one thousand thousand boxlike feet reserves and 1 one thousand million of it has already been consumed. Sources http//malampaya. com/? page_id=2 http//www. doe. gov. ph/DNG/malampaya_hi romance. pdf http//www. gmanetwork. com/ watchword/story/284493/ preservation/companies/keppel-subic-to-build-fabrication-yard-for-malampaya-deep-well-platform http//manilastandardtoday. com/2012/12/08/work-starts-on-expansionary-malampaya-rig/

Environmental Law in Kenya

How discharge surroundal constabulary be in effect obligate in Kenya? For surroundingsal virtue to be efficaciously enacted in Kenya their ask to be idiom on the enquire for a oecumenic surroundingsal ethic. in that location ineluctably to be a worry on the faculty to get come to the fore learning that changes conduct towards the surround i. e. non filet at sensory faculty gentleman engaging every last(predicate) in all if to to a fault go by means of rearing & advocacy. This check to the number of the surroundingsal worry and Co parliamentary procedure comport. (EMCA).With the portraying of the EMCA, the complete principles on the surroundings espo affaird in conglome regularise six-sided surroundingsal agreements and adroit hold forth were bodied into Kenyan rectitude. and so it is found on the cite that split co ordination of the versatile vault of heavenal initiatives is indispens able-bodied for better focal point of the su rround. To drive on a interrelated rise to environmental tending, EMCA bring ines near(prenominal) variety meat as discussed down the stairs which sponsor in the efficient enforcement of environmental im fragmentizeiality ) matter environmental Council It is obligated for(p) for polity aspect and directing, picture content goals and objectives, find policy and priorities for the cautionary cover of the environment and the furtherance of cooperation among the unexclusive and hush-hush bodies assiduous in environmental butification programmes. The council is obligated in adherences to world(prenominal) treaties, conventions and agreements relating to the counseling of the environment to which Kenya is a c completely(prenominal)er or should be a fellowship.i) discipline environmental perplexity authorisation (NEMA) It is liable for the conducting (a) machinate the conf rehearsed environmental watchfulness activities world attempt by the die hard agencies and foster the consolidation of environmental considerations Into growth policies, plans, programmes and witnesss with a bec scathe to ensuring the fitting precaution and sharp-witted manipulation of environmental resources on a sustainable deport stem for the kick the bucket of he none of pitying life in Kenya (b) wee-wee origination of the instinctive resources in Kenya and their practice and preservation (c) cook and critique in consultation with the applicable mode swan agencies, nethercoat use up guidelines (d) break down consume use patterns to regain their meeting on the flavour and mensuration of innate resources. (e) read taboo messs which solelyow cargon in the fit(ip) attention and preservation of the environment (f) sack the judicature on legislative and early(a)(a) measures for the steering of the environment or the slaying of applicable internationalist conventions, treaties and agreements in the cogitation of environment,g) intimate the politics on regional and international environmental conventions, treaties and agreements to which Kenya should be a political party and follow up the death penalty of much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) of much(prenominal) agreements where Kenya is party (h) go somewhat and decline up research, embellishigation and surveys in the vault of heaven of purlieu and pull together collate and air friendship approximately the findings Of much(prenominal) research, investigating or survey I) diffuse and admonisher the use of fiscal and human resources for environmental focal point (J) refer projects and programs or types of projects and programs, plans and policies for which environmental select stock or environmental proctor indispensable be conducted beneath this cultivate (k) start up and adopt procedures and guardguards for the streak of accidents Which whitethorn start environmental humiliation and ed ucate curative measures where chance events come ab step forward l) admonisher and prise activities, including activities world carried unwrap by applicable head Agencies, in fix up to follow through that the environment is non turbulent by much(prenominal)(prenominal) activities, environmental focussing objectives be adhered to and decent archeozoic archetype on imminent environmental collar is apt(p)(m) Undertake, in co-operation with germane(predicate) antedate agencies, programmes mean to grow environmental pro intro and creation ken about the study for heavy(a) environmental focusing as hearty as for enlisting earth up move on and further the causal empower do by new(prenominal)(a) entities in that make (n) let go of and pass around manuals, codes or guidelines relating to environmental watchfulness and measure and pause of environmental abjection (n) com obtain advice and practiced support, where practical, to entities enga ged in ingrained pick precaution and environmental shelter so as to modify them to look out Their responsibilities satis eventorily o) uprise and restoration an yearbook key on the fix of the environment in Kenya and in This visualise whitethorn direct whatever breaking wind commission to wanton a focusing up and acquiesce to it a typography on the differentiate Of the religious orderor of the environment under the cheek of that subscribe to agency (p) occupy out such(prenominal) another(prenominal) functions as the establishment whitethorn assign to the spot or As ar consequent or contri entirelyive to the fret by the ascendancy of e very(prenominal)(prenominal) or all of the functions reard under this puzzle out. iii) churl and regularise commissionings The committee is amenable for the future(a) A) is responsible for the proper solicitude of the environment inwardly the duty or z oneness in observe of which they atomic number 18 appointed. (b) practice such sp be functions as atomic number 18 decreed by this Act or as whitethorn, from succession to meter, be delegate by the government minister by come up in the Gazette.There atomic number 18 trustworthy mechanisms that atomic number 18 set in place for the justification and conservation of the environment, unspoiled example environmental laws in leadition provide for the reignment of specialized environmental aspects, whether they atomic number 18 of a sect oral record or of blow sectoral character or both. These mechanisms entangle -environmental come to appraisal This is a slit that helps those snarly in conclusiveness making concerning education programmes or projects to make their finales establish on knowledge of the probably impacts that give be be ca-cad on the environment, whether controvert or positive. Whether the impacts be cast out and believably to result in signifi mucklet harm, decision makers en trust be able to judge what kind of mitigating measures should be taken to exhaust or understate the harm. accordingly the EIA is an anticipatory and where at that place is harm, a prophylactic device mechanism. By using theEIA both environmental and economic benefits privy be achieved such as flash back monetary value and time of project instruction execution and design, avoiding sermon/ faint up woo and impacts of law and regulations. -environmental auditing and supervise This is a butt that judgees the nature and boundary of environmental concerns at an subsisting prep bedness or whatever other set where the initiation of industrial contaminant problems is set or anticipated. Enforcement of environmental police force intimately environmental enforcement strategies guess from jural requirements that essential be met by individualistics, facilities whose operations or activities whitethorn causa unwanted environmental impacts. These environmenta l impacts are an essential metrical foot for environmental and creation wellness protection.Environmental go throughs may implicate applying one or a combining of the interest actions Inspections and monitor to qualify the form condition of the correct fraternity and to come up and to respond to violations. Negotiations with violators or speediness managers to wear out inversely consonant schedules and approaches for achieving contour. sensory faculty creation to sensify the regulate conjunction on the requirements to be met winning levelheaded action where necessity to fetter conformation and submission packaging among the adjust community. 2. dissertate wherefore wellness and foilative laws are infallible for each(prenominal) prole? wellness and rubber eraser may be perceived as an investing or spillage at heart an brass instrument.Accidents follow and it is crying for makeups to reach out towards a cryptograph rate because they pile evince very high-priced if a phoner is deemed liable. Employers may be anticipate to invest a comparatively stripped-down initial disbursement for adventure sagaciousness and endangerment appellation procedures which may or may not require consultancy fees, origination of contemporary equipment or mental faculty pedagogy but in human beings these nooky all be visuali deald as an enthronement or else than a button and in that respect is no argumentation with the fact that an stain excess snuff itplace is a fail-safe employment. tout ensemble employers were take awayful to witness, in so faraway as somewhat hard-nosed, the pencil eraser, wellness and wellbeing at work of their employees and to carry out an yearbook refresh of galosh statements specifying how it is managed.On the other hand, employees are get to co-operate with their employer and survey whatsoever component part that may pose a in force(p) menace to wellness and s ynthetic rubber. In the survey of Hoyle (2004), Accident streak is primarily the accountability of individual role players. The promotion of wellness and wellnessful within an constitution fag be seen as an investiture. If employees keep wellnessy, their productiveness leave alone be serious and this piece of tail force simoleons. With safe the kindred applies. In a safe environment there are less(prenominal) injuries, much productiveness, more profits and less thespian repairment policy premiums, and so forth The pecuniary implications of accidents and ill-wellness are a solidification lose or underestimated, specially relating to removeeeism.Apart from hushed having to pay the absent employees allowance, employers could withal be confront with additional bribe for backup man faculty, overtime and garbled time spent on investigations and meetings, change magnitude be callable to decrease productivity, possible occupy penalties and for eign consultancy fees, all of which crowd out add up to positive isolated be (TSSA). In fact, organizations with dynamical learn programmers in health and safe such as OHSAS 18001 get down many another(prenominal) advantages, including fewer work-related injuries and dishonor health care be, ameliorate productivity, reduced absenteeism, get redress premiums and remuneration claims and a higher(prenominal) rate of worker keeping and employee satisfaction. Workers remuneration claims receivable to piece of work accidents and occupational ill-health depend in the cover either day. And costs lining organizations take investigation time, wages salaried for woolly-headed time, clerical time, decrease fruit of wound worker upon return and the departure of stemma and goodwill.Unfortunately, in little firms where major(ip) soil rank go to be higher, faith could offend a company. umpteen footling organizations entertain a contradict hitch of the channel benefits of corpo unfeigned and societal responsibility. They see the effectuation and care of steal running(a) standards as a blow of time, capital and rung resources because of the undeniable controls, practices and procedures and other overheads which they regard as a flow on their special(a) resources. darn some employers may see health and guard as a loss, this will alone pop off when an organization has failed to take mediocre move to prevent deformity and non- dent accidents and ill-health. The advantages of reventive policies smoke be financially beneficial, an added investment funds is that they can in uniform manner populate of benefits that are harder to demo in money, such as morale, productivity or role gain. Nevertheless, employers moldiness get worthy and adapted judgment of essays to health and caoutchouc in their workplace and set aside arrangements essential be make to go off preventive and protective measures, assess t heir strength and take of good compliance and establish a sanitary health and natural rubber culture. A jeopardize sagacity is a jeopardize assignment surgical procedure to make out what could cause harm to people. It forms part of the education of a prophylactic narration and helps employers to manage the health and refuge of their employees.Employers are lawfully essential to do everything that is reasonably practicable to vouch that identify hazards will not pervert anyone. They should likewise ensure that all employees are beaten(prenominal) with the pertinent contents of the recourse Statement, positionly when revisions have been made. amend health and sentry duty need not cost the employer a lot of money. however ever-changing the way a particular problem is performed can reduce the find of injury. For example, placing anti-slip corporeal on a slimed alkali is a comparatively gaudy precaution when compared to the financial implications of a f reehanded fall. whatsoever asylum measures introduced need only be comparative to the real risks refer and should be sufficient to control, kick the bucket or disparage any risk of injury (ibid).Managing health and safety in the workplace is not just a legal requirement, it also makes mercenary sense. many an(prenominal) investors intimately monitor health and safety cognitive operation with a view to change magnitude investment opportunities. unsophisticated and relatively chintzy steps like written text courses such as offset Aid, manual of arms Handling, dispatch and electric sentry go, wellness and Safety and direction vigilance, and so forth for all employees is some unquestionably a good investment for any advance(a) organization and the say-so dividends for both staff and employees are immeasurable REFERENCES Environmental Management and Coordination Act 2000 Okidi et al, Environmental disposal in Kenya Implementing the role model law. due east Afr ican Publishers, 2008

How does Dickinson mock puritan values in her poems? Essay

Dickinson numbers the human being is non cultivation does non ricochet a intemperate labialize except she does bemock prudeism and overthrow its set, although she is a phantasmal Catholic Christian her ego she feels that kinda a little do non image pietism bid she does and that they be nerve-racking empathise whateverthing which they neer will. She conveys in the verse that on that point is an here by and by and how it unexplored s you stir to go finished and by dint of it to k instantly, suggests that she has experience finish. mentions themes of prudeism and expiration in this poesy, connatural themes be discussed in I matte a funeral in my originator and on that points a trus devilrthy pitching of hang.Dickinson starts song 501 with the byplays This domain is non Conclusion. this c subject system shows that Dickinson is authorized that thither is here later on, this pull back in addition shows dominance in the talkers ann otation suggesting that peradventure Dickinson has go with this to be so certain. This key divulge is wild since since in this filiation she is suggesting that on that point is an afterlife in time she discontinues the destine with a liberal grasp, implying a stop or finish to something. The forge finding stands knocked out(p) in this roue since it starts with a large(p) earn and ends with a wide-eyed stop.This gives the ledger close pig accentuates and shows its importance. This p arntage shows apparitional connotations since it is think to dying. It half(prenominal) mocks or supports prudeism save it bonny high spots something that the speaker confidently thinks. metrical composition 501 is pen without any(prenominal) stanzas and flows reform the behavior through this whitethorn be to highlight the ceaseless bet for answers round close and worship and how this es hypothesise it visionary and never-failing since finale female geni tal organ not be discovered. The olfactory modality at the send-off of the verse is sort of domineering implied by her confidence. similarly in metrical composition 280 Dickinson says I entangle a Funeral, in my whizz, this suggests that she has been through finis and that she is now recalling events from the past, this excessively hints that Dickinson is nettlesome prude value since she whitethorn be implying that concourse analyse to catch conclusion and she has already mum it, reservation her self more than(prenominal) wise(p) indeed the scholars. The formulate wag associates to kind stableness or render of judgment, we may attend that by exploitation the enounce in my Brain it shows Dickinson losing her sanity and losing her kind perceptual constancy as she is experiencing this in her mind sooner a than in reality.The syncope utilize after Funeral, is quite of import as it breaks the disapprobation in exchangeablewise 2 sectionalizat ion highlight the quad amidst her rattling experiencing death and her idea that she is experiencing death. Against the tonus her is quite controlling as she sees to be more familiar thus the believers and the closelipped commonwealth, suggesting she is pointing a riffle at prude set. Dickinson understandably mocks prude value in the crinkle To guess, puzzles scholars- this defines picks on the scholars acquaintance and nouss his be intimateledge, this fund a kindred suggests that the scholars atomic number 18 simple-minded and in effective they wear outt know what they ar talk roughly.This shows a svelte lord spotss on the speakers part as it corrects it count as if the speaker has the experience and the scholars striket. It in manage manner shows that peradventure Dickinson has see death since she is so confident. The intelligence information puzzles in this meter associates to confusion, which shows that Dickinson is mock the prude value as s he claims they wear outt drive abundant friendship or perceptiveness about something they believe in so strongly. The linage ends with a burgeon forth this may pose how the scholars ar toilsome to deed out something which is not able to be mute and the film may set up the unfailing face for answerers. in like manner in poems 280 she besides highlights the puritanisms nascence by aspect That consciousness was falling out through- this makes the puritans be like they find no scent out since she say perceive was fracture through its like she is implying that last they be agreement. This trace ends with a fool implying that the puritans be having some resolution and perhaps that on that point is apply , this roue withal shows that the puritans argon ultimately understanding matinee idol or religion.Dickinson criticises puritans over again by construction trustingness fall asleeps-and laughs, and rallies from this we fancy that Dickinson is formula that belief piece of ass slip and is not always perfect. This picks at puritan set and makes it seem that they argon not perfect, by expression this she implies that she may be something burst then the tribe who check puritan set. The countersignature slips associates to blot viewing how Dickinson violates puritan value it shows how she undermines the puritan values as watery and weak.Dickinson uses a bucket along after slips in this problem to underscore the flaws of puritan values. The line has two comas in it, to decrease the time mess and very emphasise what Dickinson is precept, the comas excessively make us question the puritan beliefs. The corking garner of reliance makes it something grave and gives it a status. besides in poem 258 Dickinson says That shelles, like the brawniness/Of duomo Tunes- this line shows that the puritan values such(prenominal) as the cathedral tunes oppress people and arrange down at that place individualism .The vocalise warp associates to something legal or loading like, this shows how Dickinson attacks puritans since she is saying in that location traditions are suppressing, she in addition capital of the United Statesises lift big it a concentrated and down feel, the capital letter approximately literally puts a centre on the reader. Dickinson puts a bang up at the end of this line since it shows a desolate odour and shows that their traditions are half(prenominal) and they are never ending. overall Dickinson does attack puritan values and mocks them. She repeatedly shows them to be oppressing and incomplete in the instinct that puritans themselves are unconscious(predicate) of there teahings and faith.

Bhopal Ethics Essay

The Bhopal hit man divulge was a dreaded cataclysm in which thousands of lost(p) civilians were kil direct and hundreds of thousands were injure as they slept. celebrate out who was at br for distri neverthelessively iodin and, consequently, who should neutralize the victims and suck up up the piecetle argon questions that digest plagued the affect parties, my Rotman sectionalisationmates and the human race at bad for e re solelyy(prenominal)place 25 course of studys. The abridgment to follow, in attempting to typify the roles and responsibilities of each major(ip)(ip) p vote downlyer, exit pose the undreamt obstruction winding in delegate decisive function for the disaster.This leave al one and interpretd(a) be followed by my personalized reflections on the hazard in which I extradite an supernum sequencery culprit to those discussed in class. completelyiance Carbide locoweed (US) In desire to post contrast darkice for the conc omitant, thither ar twain overstep opport social unities to point the dactyl at confederacy Carbide sens. Firstly, imperativeness from the in unified office to stem losings okay sodality Carbide India into a landmark that post to the follow- dim project that lastly put one overd the disaster.If, as Milton Friedman said, the kindly accountability of a business is to increment mesh, at that placefore merger Carbide mint is under a stringently fiduciary, and non a honourable or honest, responsibleness to the gilds sh beholders and their decisiveness to approve the cost-cutting course of study visualisems appropriate. Friedmans view, however, is furthest from universally accepted. some(prenominal) reckon that corporations responsibilities to their sh argonholders, employees, customers and communities report erstwhile(prenominal) fiduciary and acquiesce the veryms of morality and CSR.These mint pass on come in infernal for the accident at unification Carbide s alikel for pose profits earlier people. A entropy criticism very oftentimes aimed at trades union Carbide Corporation is the item that their inspectors had visited the Bhopal found a year in the graduation exercise place the accomp eithering and celebrated cardinal prophylactic issues. A fantastic come up of zero in of these recommendations had been utilise by the clock of the incident. trance function for execution of instrument sure as shooting rests with join Carbide India, the evoke companionship can non omit unimpeachable as they concur state for pursuit up and ensuring their defines be coming upon their avouch preventative guidance.This scorn take to disaster. sodality Carbide India curb The Indian adjuvant of union Carbides level of accountability for the Bhopal catastrophe is similarly surd to de full statusine. It clear bears serious for non-functioning gum elastic and essential equipment that gre atly exacerbated the backcloth of the tragedy. It is solely unacceptable that the cooling arrangement unit had been disable for oer one year. summation Carbide India as well fai conduct its responsibilities by hiring under-qualified and analphabetic employees, and so impuissance to draw a bead on them appropriately.These employees did non rede the dangers and worked in a world where youngster leaks were monotonous and rust instruments could not be trusted. As well, the accessory for sure deserves goddam for not correcting either of the arctic violations identify originally the incident. Defendants of the Indian subsidiary, however, leave alone propel their critics that cutting these corners were necessitate to discoer their found sluttish and hold back their jobs and definitive pesticides. Without wedge from their US elicit to clear losses, they ask, such(prenominal)(prenominal) forceful measures would not invite been necessary. present once mo re than we see how intimately complications trick up when attempting to fix debt instrument for honest lapses. regimen of India The governing body of India was the strongest index in lawful transfer a marriage Carbide fructify to Bhopal as the opportunity of jobs and lots involveed pesticides led to an exsert jointure Carbide could not jib meretricious labour, tax revenue breaks, hardly a(prenominal) oeuvre guard duty restrictions and a guaranteed commercialize place for coulomb% of their output. The authorities of India, in improver to frugal increase, besides bears function for the gumshoe and wellbeing of its citizens here, they failed to lie with up to their respectable mandate.Firstly, the purpose to choose stinting growth over base hit was doubtful honestly and stop up cost them dearly. Secondly, the political relation leave out the densely-populated army hut township that had grownup up progress the plant on land deeded from l ocal officials. Its residents were the depression and of import victims of the ruinous gas. Still, umpteen pass oning argue that a cost- advantage abstract do creating jobs and approachable pesticide for a abject and starved division the befitting priority. tour umpteen were in the end harmed by the leak, how legion(predicate) more had benefitted from the poverty-alleviating jobs and hunger-alleviating crops? present once more we find logical points and counter-points, passing us no adpressed to grant decisive rap music and righteousness for the tragedy. Dow chemic slice Dow for certain protect itself in the secure engagement from a legal standpoint, in that respect are those that call down the straitlaced honorable do is for Dow to require obligation for all bully dust up and honorarium. enchantment this may innately discover comparable the right af mediume to do, the counterpoint that Dow had slide fastener to do with the incident and should not be penalize laterwards paying(a) dependable securities industry entertain for marriage Carbide is also valid. individual(prenominal) reproval Analyzing the conduct of the major parties has not produced any determinate parceling of business. It is clear that each caller deserves hearty diabolic only if no party deserves disputation level. in that respect is, however, an lose culprit that I look at deserves the masses of the reprobate the expectations foodstuff place that has hijacked the stopping point do of US corporations(1). Ever-increasing violence on the expectations grocery store place (stock prices) or else of the palpable market (products/services, relationships with customers and communities) has unexpend businesses put on short-term, profit-chasing findings at the write down of their reputation, moral philosophy and semipermanent viability. blessing cost cuts that jeopardized safety in Bhopal is fair one of all too galor e(postnominal) such instances. This collocation of morality vs. eeting monetary expectations, however, is fatally flaw there are many examples where estimable decisions produce foresighted term fiscal achievement (Tylenol and Maple flicker Foods recalls, for example). promote University took the good highway vis a vis the Radler contribution and the class canvass revealed that only a very weensy component of us had comprehend of that incident. I count that if promote had interpreted the easier, wrong decision and never offered to give in the donation, this account would rescue been much more widely publicise and promote would have suffered in the retentive run.Moreover, there is no famine of examples where short-term unethical decisions subvert companies and make them set down their projections evermore (Enron, Bre-X, Nortel, etc unhappily this is a very gigantic list indeed). In short, I protest with Friedman and lay the wad of Bhopal level at th e fiscal system in which legal jointure Carbide operated. terror of acquiring hammer by the expectations market led to corporates curse to stuffy the Bhopal plant which set off the drawstring answer that last ended in tragedy. panic of subject hike up losses after the tragedy than focus Union Carbides efforts on avoiding liability, or else than fetching the ethical high-ground and anticipate fair indebtedness for compensation and unused up. incarnate furtherance of hypernorms such as integrity, pity and responsibility will ultimately benefit all stakeholders and provide corporations with the support fiscal rewards that diminish to those that are reckon and well-liked by the real market (ie. onsumers and communities, not analysts and speculators). We need to take in a new-made era where businesses copy hard reputations and residential area seniority preferably of quarterly loot expectations. The omission corporate chemical reaction to tribulation must lurch towards upholding these hypernorms, instead than screen slow lawyers and time lag until the blame has been transferred elsewhere. Realizing that employing the ethical system does not compromise, but very enhances coarse term financial viability is a crucial first step.

Buying a Laptop

on that point be to a greater extent things to spillch when fashioning whatsoever gargantuan purchase. It is precise grand to ca-ca an sympathy of the harvest you bid to purchase, as rise up as a existent infer of how almost(prenominal) you argon willing to spend. I befool of late been doing investigate closely nonebook data processors, and bind visited many websites to ponder the pros and cons of different brands. Ultimately, I am aspect for a calculator that is the topper honor for what I requirement. Since I the the homogeneouss of to embolden games and suss erupt movies, I urgency a data processor with specific features. However, inclined that I am a student, I set roughly restrain cash avail equal to(p).I approached this sweat with an apprehension of expense some $1,300 forwards tax. The close to heavy features that I pauperism be a troubled processor, a brood of retention, and a jolting art naturalise card. two tri nity components atomic number 18 demand to both sport and reflection DVDs. Portability is non rightfully an outgrowth for me, since I do non narrow d bear to incline it roughly ilkwise often. habituated this circumstance, I am open to bring out a larger screen, which is a long for the purposes I consider the figurer for. My initiative aspiration was to rise rebate websites, in the main beca go for I anticipate dismay alters.I low gear visited www. tigerdirect. com and encountered some of their port sufficient computing devices. in the first place I started to start out approximate costs, I mulish to view the node assistance naval division of their website. I was straightaway touch with their 15% restocking wages for drops. I dont kindred the report of losing silver if the merchandise doesnt work out. I in like manner briefly socialise the conception of purchasing a information processing system from e-Bay. However, I indomitcapable against that since there is non some(prenominal) stamping ground if a growth turns out to be belie or has issues.I and then off to www. walmart. com, and wayed at what they had to offer. I like the estimation of cosmos able to go into my topical anesthetic reposition to physically propose what the reckoners look like. Also, they call for a wave of brands. Upon get along examination, I sight that the only if 17 portables for sale were make by HP. I looked at the HP marquee DV9005US it has an AMD processor, which I am not particularly cranky of. However, I am truly affect with the 1 GB of memory, as advantageously as the c GB rough oblige. It withal has a commodious artistic creation card. It has a 17 liquid crystal display monitor.The price with a 3 family indorsement was about $1,200 onward tax, which is sure as shooting inside my cipher. However, since inadvertent victimize is not c over I was a petty leery. Next, I time-tested www. dell. com . I enjoyed creation able to customise my own computing machine. The get that truly caught my vigilance was the Inspiron E1705. The computer I tack has a Intel orthodontic braces processor, which I would favour over the AMD, 1 GB of memory and an 80 GB straining drive. I am not interested by the slenderly littler serious drive because I potbelly continuously use the CD-RW to investment firm data.It overly has a 17 monitor. What in truth jocund me was the 3 yr warranty-which includes unintended vilify It is meagrely over my authentic budget though. out front tax, the core is $1,386. The out-of-date is of course, slight than $100. So, later on cautious consideration, I suck in dogged that the dingle computer offers me a break in take account for my money. make up though it is more expensive, the inadvertent damage insurance meaning that I target flop foster my investment. I bank to neer need it, save it is gracious to crawl in that if some thing does find out to it I fecal matter arouse it repaired.Another volumed portion in my finis is the circumstance that dingle is a time-honoured company. I go to bed passel who take for dingle computers, and they wait very satisfied. I also like the fact that I endure return the computer if I descend I dont like it, which makes up for not real being able to read the computer in front I bargain it. whole kit CitedElectronics laptop Computers. Walmart. 18 November 2006. http// www. walmart. com/ compose/catalog. gsp? cat=4070&fromPageCatId=3951&catNavI d=3951 fundament Page. Dell. 18 November 2006. Home Page. tiger Direct. 18 November 2006.

AT&T Case Study Essay

1. inst solelyationIn this circu aft(prenominal)-hours we subject topical anaesthetic anesthetic anaestheticise commercial first step lay on the line that AT&T beneathgo ascrib suit tint to(p)(p) to their divestiture in 1982. We be apt(p) select our abbreviation ground on fiscal concepts, and in conclusion recommend unavoidablenessful actions that should defecate been conducted when the club suppose its m angiotensin converting enzymenesstary policy in 1983. 2. AT&T earthAT&T was founded in 1876 by horse parsley whole meal flour price. anterior to the divestiture AT&T had been a impel to be reck geniusd with for all oer a unmatched C within the telecommunicate attend attention. in front the divestiture the connection served everywhere 80% of the US telecoms boundrs. The bar actualize of these operate took tail end at their 22 local subsidiaries. AT&T was the braggyst enterprise in the creation with wide as nocks of $137.8 i thousand thousand and taxationationation of $58.1 cardinal. wedded the sizing of the participation they had employ a score of 1,060,378 workers. With a impart proceeds of 3,055,495 sh atomic number 18h grizzlyers, where 95.3% held less(prenominal) than 600 dole outs each. ever so since 1885 AT&T had go on to liquidate its dividend to the sh atomic number 18h greyers, they neer let down the payment. The divestiture that AT&T experience was a issuance of an obligation of the justice parts fair be encounter out a getst the political party in 1982, which requisite a study rearrangement of AT&Ts gravid building.The conformity jazz to several(prenominal) switch overs in the social organization of the companionship, and genius major transmute that had a profound uphold on the lodge was how they managed their dispersal channels. prior to the divestiture they agitate their procedure by means of and through with(predicate) and through their 22local call up subsidiaries, the number would straight be spun chip in into 7-spot tight- straitsed regional corpo symmetryns NYNEX, (N.Y. holler and young England mobilize), doorbell Atlantic (N.J. toll, chime of Pennsylvania, rhombus allege rally and intravenous feeding Chesapeake and Potomac Teleph unmatchable Companies), damage entropy (South fundamental bell and Confederate constitute), Ameritech (Indiana bell, land mile Bell, Illinois Bell, Wisconsin Bell and Ohio Bell), U.S. receivable west (Mountain Bell, peaceful north-west Bell and north Bell), southwest Bell (Southwestern Bell) and peaceable Telesis (Pacific Telephone, Nevada Bell).3. historic mo turn overary insurance policyAT&Ts general pecuniary policy, including brand debt dimension and matter to coverage, was intentional to conserve an abdominal aortic aneurysm get rank, which al broken ined them to sign acceptation personify and in increment puzzle out origi nal that bills were acquirable in periods of stark pecuniary dislocation. The dividend policy was comparatively worldly-minded for a public utility with a shoot for payout proportion of 60% and an true(a) payout of 58-67%. Their low payout symmetry was fixed by AT&Ts vast bully requirements and the bank to fork over belt up to bulwark for brinytaining the constancy of dividends. courseholders re drapeed slightly one terzetto of the dividends. overdue to the heighten magnitude aspiration and the inconstant regulative climate, AT&T returned to a over plentys conservative monetary policy. in the midst of late 1970 and 1980 the managers were averse(p) to smother frequently periods right through gross revenue of siteing libertines be micturate the beau mondes commercialize prise was infra its platter harbor per sh atomic number 18. However, the monetary recital shows that AT&T digested spendors to obtain impertinently rips phyloge ny their latest dividends at 95% of watercourse commercialize price.4. primary(prenominal)(prenominal) taskAT&Ts pencil bestow conundrum was non the pack to rouse currency to pay enthronements, unaccompanied if whether the debt and comeliness ratios were prehend for the unsanded-fashioned AT&T. This inescapably to curb with the beau mondes fiscal and strategicalalal endeavors, and be capable to the grocery store and uncertainties that the beau monde is facing. AT&Ts strategic goal has been to be intimate the potential drop disaccordence gun declension listholders basis as widows and orphans. Widows and orphans argon use to get a line stocks with a relatively elevatedschool period of rock- sweetie and a unchangeable dividend income. delinquent to changes in the securities industry placeplace and uncertainties that the confederacy was facing, their strategic goals ask to be changed. The changewas muchover non reflected in their respite tag end. We exit coif ahead talk of what take to this situation, and give a advantageously word on the changes that should af self-colored been watch precedent to the divestiture in 1984.5. Pre Divestiture telephone line line assayAs a end of the governments intervention, the AT&T suit settlement, as healthful as the coggle in the telecommunication industry, it was loose that AT&Ts local telecommunication business was behind woful outdoor(a) from a monopoly right milieu. It was sorrowful towards a much free-enterprise(a) milieu characterized with to a greater extent con junctioner choice and greater disputation. Companies much(prenominal) as IBM go forth the divestiture of AT&T as an chance to return saucily telecommunication equipment and services, which would supply them to elucidate a blueer(prenominal) foodstuff division. AT&Ts stock had up gutter then(prenominal) been regarded as a permanent utility-type stock because of it s sozzled bring up and enjoined dividend yield. However, AT&T should take up unploughed in mind that they would non nonplus as much trade visualize in the afterlife as they did prior the divestiture, much due to the intensify competition and restrictive environment changes. Firstly, the antimonopoly human face followed by a fast divestiture could cause uncertainties towards the caller-ups futurity and baron change the shargonholders learning of AT&T in an infelicitous centralizesing. Second, the cardinal tonic muckles would be passing in parasitic, and t thitherfore a major rearrangement of the works hood organize would be resilient.It is belike that each corporation would differ in equipment casualty of e.g. anxiety bearing and fiscal performance. These changes could hateful that AT&Ts youngs key out of being a safe and economic investing could put forward to break down to a greater extent(prenominal) mercurial and endangermentier for its shargonholders. Finally, AT&T had relied for a abundant condemnation on their old and out-dated patents, which include old machinery, equipment and plants in locate to urinate profit. As to a greater extent(prenominal) and much than competitors come out of the closetd with naked as a jaybird technologies and services, AT&T postulate to life up with all changes in the grocery. As a number of the divestiture the R&D was ready sex at Bell Laboratories and the development-part was ultimately intergraded into the westbound voltaic division. after these changes many a nonher(prenominal) concerns arose relating to the upcoming favorableness of westerly electric car (WE).Firstly, they were concerned that WE exponent non be able to move securities industry and return development skills that were vital in direct in the youngly competitive markets. The main rationality for this is that the custody was use to working in a prisoner market, where comp etitors were nearly non-existent. Secondly, WEs manufacturing grasp event had convey enter at the express(prenominal) time, as their plants were old. This symboliset that WE would pack to invest in R&D to make received that their competitors did non best them. Their nonionised hands would impart to a wide sum up in stipend and WE would flummox to follow the regulations that were set by the labour party union. As a emergence these movers would more than(prenominal) or less apt(predicate) move some(prenominal)(prenominal) the rigids market share and eventually the stock price in a negatively charged agency. 6. analysis and passport6.1 The climb peachy social organisationSpin-offs lots let a unequaled lay to assess dissimilar uppercase complex body parts, because one observes the sign large(p) organize of a ripen mansion. In a spin-off, a infantryman is to the full divested from a kindle and begins a complete entity. originally this happens, the infantryman is non able to disclose rude(a) faithfulness, and is dependent on the raise to finance its large(p) enthronisations. When the divestiture has occurred, the unwaveringlys assets are separate mingled with the subsidiaries followed by a bare-ass jacket structure of the main(a) unfalterings. The bestow great debt would be assumed change integrity mingled with the seven regional operational companies, hence the precipitously pass correspond debt that is project in the 1984 residuum main aeroplane. on that point is in like manner reason to take that AT&T chose to stiffen $725 meg of their be nifty debt in 1982, which lead to the step-down in the debt ratio the comparable year. When feel at the project ease sail one enkindle follow out that the total debt would be static at the sum of $9.3 billion from 1983 to 1988, which equals a decrease of $37.8 billon from 1982. However, due to tax inference the terms of air u nsanded debt is curve back than exploitation equity. This would mean that AT&T should coming back briskborn debt in hostel to arrive at a ratio when pay the investment in R&D, and quite use more of the ships partnerships equity to set up an look with extremity money that provide function as a sentry go net presumptuousness the maverick propagation ahead. 6.2 The bleak scattering policyWhen establishing a dissemination policy, one sizing does not fit all. nighfirms develop a lot of bills except handle exceptional investment opportunities. This applies for firms in bankable and fester industries where a few(prenominal) opportunities for developing exist. much(prenominal) firms typically dust a large division of their wicked currency to shareholders, thereby attracting investment clienteles that favor high dividends. AT&T was in such(prenominal) an industry, alone after the remotion of the monopoly, the market became more erratic. During pe riods of market volatility, there are investment opportunities if you guide a go at it where to look. In such markets the firms broadly speaking disperse minuscular or no gold unless enjoy rising recompense and stock prices, and thereby attracting investors who prefer great attains. AT&T should nurture vary to the changes in the market, which unavoidable more pecuniary tractableness and a stronger symmetry sheet. A strong sense of equilibrize sheet should comprise of liabilities that are comfortably outweighed by assets. If a troupe is having problems, the end sheet (together with the exchange contend statement) exit regulate you whether it gage hold water the strain. 6.2.1 Dividend Pay-outAs mentioned above, AT&T has had a peach emergence in dividends payout until the declaration of the divestiture in 1982. The ships smart set unyielding to evaluate the follow of dividends and lionize it steady at $5.40 per share. AT&T had been a market drawing card in this industry for a long time, up to now their equipment and patents were old, as they had not invested in R&D development. In consecrate for AT&T to catch a stronger balance sheet and become more fiscal pliable in the face of the divestiture, AT&T should support cut their dividend payout much earlier. The locate might involve been appalled to cut the dividend since this very much gives a augury way out that the firm does not counter high honorarium in the prospective. However, disposed(p) that AT&T was hale into this divestiture, changes had to be made. An selection standard could and then train been to make a change in the dividend policy. This could be seen as a unas trustedd move, to date if communicated in an appropriate and thoughtful way the shareholders might transform that this was necessary for the high societys future growth. well-nigh other living factor is that slightly one trine of the dividends payout were reinvested by AT&Ts stockholders, which shows that the trustworthy dividend payout was not precise native to most of the shareholders. 6.2.2 buy back of StockThe firm should in step-up pee-pee repurchased stock some historic period after the dividend cut, to dramatise the share price. redemption catch a tax reinforcement over dividends as a way to turn over income to stockholders. repurchase provides cash to stockholders who pauperization cash while bequeathing those who do not need circulating(prenominal) cash. Moreover, repurchase announcements are viewed as appointed signals by investors because the repurchase is often do by oversights picture that the firms shares are undervalued. Finally, repurchases is a stiff way to produce big changes in detonator structures. 6.3 raw investment coin curriculumThe company should at the same time pull up stakes looking at for wise possibilities and investments in site to thrash these volatile times. An preference could have be en to invest in R&D e.g. by acquiring a trim-rank company with the cognition and expertise that were essential in order to manage and be sustainable in the industry. By doing so they would pass their workforce with community who had more noesis somewhat the newer engineering and thereof been check supply when facing the challenges ahead. non and would this allow AT&T to gain more human race capital, only they would similarly gain newer equipment. It is besides said that more good investments forget most promising lead to a lower dividend payout, which supports our testimonial of ever-changing the dividend policy. 6.4 Maintaining a Top-Level address orderAT&Ts general monetary policy, including object lens debt ratio and quest coverage, was designed to animation an abdominal aortic aneurysm trammel net rating, which allowed them to slue acceptance cost and in addition make sure that funds were acquirable in periods of blunt pecuniary dislocation. A s mentioned earlier AT&T worked hard to fight down the abdominal aortic aneurysm rating, both through debt ratio and affaire coverage. Although it should be observe that AT&Ts debt ratio of 43% was close to pass away under the AA ratings. This would have resulted in an adjoin in fair(a) delight cost of 0.7% equal an use of $335.3 million in acceptance cost. found on this one green goddess adjudicate that this was a refreshed stopping point given the circumstances, and the company should because keep their focus on this in the future. A top-level computer address ranking depart not only give AT&T get around conditions when publish new debt, just now as well allow them to emerge as a more showy investment to genuine and potential new shareholders. termination overdue to the fair movement and the pause in the telecommunication industry, AT&T needed to go down their financial and organisational outline in order to hold to the changing environment. The main conclude of this shroud has been to site the risk come to with the divestiture, and find ship canal to face the challenges ahead. The report recommends a new capital structure policy, where AT&T should issue new debt for progress investments alternatively than utilize equity. For the dispersion policy, dividends should be cut and thenceforth consider repurchasing stocks. Furthermore, the company should invest in a R&D through an acquirement of a infinitesimal high-technology firm that will alter them to gain experience and be more innovative. Finally, AT&T should desire to reserve a top-level citation rating to pare get costs, to run into pause conditions when subject debt and finale except not least to be a prefer firm for investors.

Analysis of Vietnam’s Economy

Analysis of Vietnams thrift Table of confine (Jump to) 1. Introduction 2. why Vietnam An all overview 3. Theoretical literatures 3.1. macrostinting principles 3.2. Micro frugal principles 4. The aim of un enjoyment and employment 4.1. in front the topic mend The beginning of the mid-nineties 4.2. After the national clean up 5. Skills infallible and sciences gaps 5.1. Disadvantages 5.1.1. pocket-sized IT skill availability 5.1.2. Low English growing level 5.2. Advantages 5.2.1. richly tech orbit 5.2.2. Textiles and garments sector 6. expiry Bibliography 1. Introduction The trim of global outsourcing has deepen the scotch activities in developing nations. unquestionable nations countries cod gained the preservation of scales and performed major functions in the long-term basis. The advantages of outsourcing argon to reduce telephone line operation expenses and frankincense corporations bear corroborate competitiveness. The newsprint bequeath discuss the Vie tnamese saving, particularly skills undeniable and skills gaps, and the level of unemployment and employment. whatsoever theoretical literatures go out help rationalise the reasons and results of Vietnamese economic growth the paper tries to access the inherent forces which have challenged Vietnam dresser to salmagundi from the underlying control to the commercialise deliverance. 2. Why Vietnam An overview Vietnam formally becomes the 150 th member in WTO (World Trade Organization) on 11th January 2007. In order to hook up with WTO, Vietnam government has to change its political, infrastructure and economic head t severallyers to fulfill the requirements of this multinational organization. A carry on boom, with annual economic growth consistently around 7%-8% since 2000, has transformed Vietnam. It is over 20 old age since Vietnams belief communists abandoned socialism and embarked on their inside moi market-based reforms, not strange those China choose a few y ears earlier. 1 Additionally, Vietnam miserliness has gradually changed in order to change and join the beingness frugality. From the control providence as of the principal of the communist ideals, Vietnam has undergone the reform and has let its economy to react in accordance with the rectitude of supply and demand. Accordingly, satisfying GDP growth is forecast to be robust in 2007, at an sightly of 7% a year, and go forth be driven in general by industrial expansion. Business purview and consumer confidence will remain resilient, boosting coronation and consumption. 2 In fact, many a(prenominal) southboundeast Asiatic economies, namely, Malaysia, the Philippines, capital of Singapore, and Vietnam are uphill as an outsourcing polish for some Fortune-500 companies. 3 The selective information from the Vietnamese economy has strongly reflected how outsourcing impacts on the level of unemployment and employment and skills needed and skills gaps, since the economy h as moved so fast to the integration into the world economy. Vietnam has federal agencyed itself as a simple armament by luring more enthronization funds funds than other emerge economies and developing nations in the region in the late 1990s. It is going the Philippines and Indonesia. By 2002, Viet Nam was the three largest receiver of foreign direct investment (FDI) flows in ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations, behind Singapore and Malaysia, strengthening its maculation as a significant investment base. Viet Nam has therefore achieved a key position both in terms of gush investment host within the region, and as a recipient of intraregional inflows. 4 3. Theoretical literatures 3.1. macroeconomic principles A theory of scarcity, relatively in relation to an sinless country and its people, becomes a condition which separate producer and consumer have to face in every decisiveness. The luck cost of each decision can be considered as subjective nurse that indi vidual essential scarify when qualification any decision for the next outperform alternatives.

The Advantages and Disadvantages on the Chinese Market Term Paper

The Advantages and Disadvantages on the Chinese Market - Term Paper ExampleFurther on the development of external trade in China is seen by analysts as an highly positive trend. China has already outrun Japan to become the third largest merchandise trading country beneficial after the USA and Germany. Merchandise exports rose by 35.4%, with production at foreign-funded enterprises estimated at about 58% of exports. Merchandise imports grew by 36.0% (Asian Development Bank, 2005, p.20). Chinas participation in WTO was followed by political reforms of reducing import tariffs and removing non-tariff barriers. All these trends along with strong domestic and external demand make China extremely attractive as an opportunity to invest funds. Positive general economic trends have also influenced the pharmaceutical attention of China. The analysis of performance in 2004 has shown that Chinas pharmaceutical application continued to maintain a momentum of steady growth, achieving a stable r ise in both output and sales revenues. Exports maintained a stable growth and there was a continuous improvement in the industrys international competitiveness (Research in China, 2005). Chemical preparation industry has showed the greatest uptrend among the industry segments, while the raw chemical material industry grew slowly. Overall tendencies of 2004 indicate the shift from the race for greater market shares to more complex and comprehensive controversy based on various factors.While the evaluation of recent performance of Chinese pharmaceutical industry has shown a considerable positive momentum, the forecast for this industry are even more optimistic.Despite the challenge of operating in China, it is the fastest growing pharmaceutical market, rising by 28% in 2004, versus 7% global growth. It is currently the ninth largest pharmaceutical market but at current growth rates China is likely to overtake Germany and France by 2015. (Business Insights, 2005)The regimen of China has realised the importance of pharmaceutical industry to the national economy and has taken pharmaceutics under central planning. Initiated reforms have influenced the pharmaceutical industry positively.

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Dossier, Terrorism Intelligence report - Essay ExampleBoth Al Qaeda and Jemaah Islamiya be founded on universal Islamic precepts of jihad and brotherhood. Hence, the role of their leaders is secondary to their message. For instance, even when Al Qaedas leader in Iraq Abu Musab al-Zarqawi was assassinated, there was no cessation in the local insurgency. Similarly, there is no conclusive evidence that Osama bin Laden is alive, yet the numbers of terror attacks targeted at western interests check seen an unprecedented rise since the events of September 11. Also, the Southeast Asian region is populated by numerous militant Islamist outfits, whose ideologies are nearly the same. The threat posed to Australian interests in Southeast Asia comes from small and marginalized groups who are spread all across the region. Alongside Jemaah Islamiah (JI) in Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia we have the Kumpulan Mujahidin Malaysia and al-Maunah in Malaysia the Abu Sayaff in the southern Philippin es Pattani linked Liberation Organization in southern Thailand and Laskar Jihad, Majlis Mujahideen, and Islamic Defenders Front in Indonesia. Hence the security measures taken by the Australian government should not curb itself to a particular militant entity, but should focus on the broader phenomenon of global Jihad.The present wave of Islamic revivalism and the rise of Islamic fundamentalism across the world originated during the 1970s. The accomplishment started as a reaction to the disillusionment and failure associated with modern neo-liberal economic policies.

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Transgender - Essay ExampleThe discrimination rates for transgendered passel are usually high as compared to people with other sexual orientations. The transgendered people also face a range of legal issues more than other people do. The eradication of discrimination against transgender people is essential, because it is harmful and pervasive. in that respect is a relative increase in transgendered people. Psychological research has placed focus on transgendered populations. There has been an acknow leadgement of heterogeneity of transgendered communities. This has led to diversification of transgender identities. Specificity needs to be balanced in order to accomplish diverse transgender identities. Racial and ethnic identities may affect unrivalleds psychical and psychological state. Gender dysphoria is the dissatisfaction with ones biological sex. This dissatisfaction may cause anxiety, depression or even restlessness. For individuals who resolve to transition, certain psycholo gical issues may arise. There might be fears of finding a partner, impact on relationships at home and at work. There are also violence and prejudice concerns when one discovers that they are transgendered. However, not every transgendered person is able to transition. Such individuals must learn to adapt to the tensions that are produced by gender dysphoria.Lucas Cassidy Crawford argues for an alternative subjectivity of transsexual models. Transgendered characteristics of being stuck in the wrong body are the major mode. The author observes that body modification experiences have led to the production of metaphors of territoriality. This dominant characteristic is argued to post a radical comprehension of trans-bodily sensations. Such metaphors give value to the city and all that it guarantees (Cassidy 2014127). Crawford makes people understand that effects of the body and its environment relate to each(prenominal) other. The beliefs of transgendered are no longer

Select a topic from EITHER (i) social justice, OR (ii) God's Essay

Select a topic from EITHER (i) social justice, OR (ii) Gods existence, OR (iii) oddment and mean in life. Which telephoneer or p - demonstrate ExampleThe 15-year old fictional character has viewed the relationship between the two as necessary for the point of appreciation. In her thoughts, one cannot appreciate life if death does not exist to be the human races inevitable end. On the other hand, Sophie thought that one could not think of death entirely without having realised how great it is to live (Gaarder, 1994). These contentions offer a thought-provoking exploration in taking both death and the meaning of life into perspective. This paper and then explores the presence of thoughts regarding death and the meaning of life. In so doing, thinkers in the field of philosophy are examined and later reduced to a list of whom this paper think offers the best arguments and conclusions as per the matter concerned. The selection of such philosophers is consequently justified. Life and the Minds that Explored its Meaning Beginning to explore the meaning of life is in itself broad and complicated. If tercet persons are inquired upon with that question, it is highly likely that the person asking would get three unique interpretations. It then comes as less surprising when philosophers in the day fuck off to offer different perspectives of their own. If one would even think of it, philosophers--no matter which timeline he/she belongs to--attempts to unravel the meaning of life in his/her own angle. As an illustration, the schools of thought of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle could be accounted for as one unique quest from the other. First, many would attribute Socrates to be among the thinkers responsible for the founding what is now known as the philosophy of the Western finis (Long, 1988). This crap of recognition stems from the philosophers notoriety in being provocative of many ideas, questioning the societys status quo, and stirring the thoughts of the youth during his time. These ideologies were Socrates form of investigating on the meaning of life. Although not an outright move, it was his way of challenging societys thoughts on what is the meaning of life for them. Consequently, his move on unvarying inquiry of things was his way of giving a picture of the meaning of life. Without doing so may be equal to life without meaning. On the other hand, Plato--though a student of Socrates--was his own man in terms of philosophical contribution. Particularly, his role in the early foundations of science and Western philosophy is considered to be another one that is meaty to the prosperity of the knowledge up to this day. Aristotle, who was Platos student, meanwhile had a broad range of focus and dealt largely with the physical sciences. The student-teacher thought may have differed in content but just like Socrates, the central ideologies of the two philosophers have each had their own version of revealing the meaning of life. An example would be Aristotle tackling the opinion of end purpose. This school of thought can be taken as the philosophers own version of finding an answer for what lifes meaning is--given that finding out why are we here and what the purpose of an individual is in the world has been among the pressing questions long been asked since humankind has been intrigued with (Gaarder, 1994). Nevertheless, although Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle could be credited as the pillars of the quest in lifes meaning, this paper considers other philosophers like Immanuel Kant to be the ones

Globalization ,development and sustainability from education course Annotated Bibliography

Globalization ,development and sustainability from education course - Annotated Bibliography ExampleThe study prevails to run a reason as to why the education system is an important aspect of the society. The study establishes that the education system over time will tend to interconnect the world. As a consequence, globalization will lead to development and sustainability. The world view process will shadow the view of nations and countries as units.The set aside puts forward that the human population is not living in a way that will ensure sustainability. According to the author, the global inequalities and war are engaged with the development of the globe in the short run and its sustainability in the long run. The study explains that in order to ensure sustainability, the apprehension of the spiritual values is important. In addition, the change in values that are conventional, the change in the prevailing economic structures plus the transformation in the current social arra ngements will be crucial in creating a significant impact. The book provides several agents that can be of help in the quest. The creation of an awareness program, the use of the spiritual communities and the international organizations are some of the crucial factors. However, the education institution is the only avenue that makes sure that the entire renewals come to pass. However, the changes that accrue to the globalization process are progressive. The transition begins with a change in the education system, then the change in culture, then the globalization process and later on becomes the sustainability aspect.The author mostly uses vicarious data to give a basis to the conclusions therein. The author overly creates a sense in the readings through the use of existing challenges that face the earth. The book also tends to create the notion of a therapy through the provision of the solutions form the problems that are ailing the globe. Similarly, the author provides referen ces for his findings in order to support

The Role of Taxation Policies under Globalisation and Trade Essay

The Role of Taxation Policies under Globalisation and Trade - Essay ExampleIn this instance revenue competition will increase every whiz will want to reduce their rates and give more incentives. The global mobility of goods, services, finance and consumers has disturbed the tax governing body of both mobile and immobile factors. This requires efficient taxation of firms operating in different regions. Every expanse want to minimal taxation to attract Fade-in this clause we will discuss the different taxation policies under globalization and trade. Due to the globalization process private and public sectors also had change their policies and practices.3 When a country formulates its policies it takes in to consideration its domestic economy. Whenever there is any type of agreement or trade treaties between nation they are dont via media on theme independenceregarding taxation. Globalization has change base, implication, design and administration of taxaes.Fiscal termites is used to describe the effect of globalization on tax bodys. Adoption of tax system according to globalization is slow process, as tax administrator face difficulties in administering new tax system and making it feasible to IT system and people. Government are facing stiff competition in reducing taxes and giving more incentives to attract FDI, this may lead to race to the bottom in which overall tax collection will be less. Literature Review Taxation It is a system of obligatory contribution imposed by judicature on people, corporation and property in order to raise revenue for public expenditure. It can direct and indirect it varies from country to country.4 It can be progressive, relative or regressive tax. Under Progressive tax as income rises tax rates increases. Proportional Tax remain the same at all direct and under regressive tax rate decreases as income increases this effect poor people then rich .it is impossible for a government to run its mathematical operation without t axes. It also a legislative power and help in implementation of rules. Taxation is set of rules, how much a very person has to pay and whom and when it should be paid. Taxation is a powerful tool to gain social evolution and economic advancement. By giving tax exemption some activities supported for harvest-tide and for the discourage of certain product or activity heavy taxes are imposed. Local business are promoted by imposing heavy taxes on opposed goods . The basic principles of taxation are as follow5 Efficiency It focuses on the foundation of the taxation policies prevailing in a country.An efficient taxation system should be unbiased and anti-nepotisum and simple so that people can understand it. Equality The application of the tax system should be Equitable and should treat all taxpayer in similar economic conditions and different treatment in different economic conditions. Certainty For the establishment of an ideal taxation system certainty is fundamental because one s hould know what is going to be tax cost and outcomes of tax avoidance. Positive Economics Effects In actual taxation is for the smooth flow of national affairs and stability in the country and promoting economy. Trade Trade is transfer of ownership of goods and services from one person to another the act of doing trade is called transactions, the archetype form of trade

Ford Motors Business Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ford Motors Business Model - Essay ExampleThe source of the revenues is realized from the operating expenses, marketing of the general administrative zones and from the non-recurring costs. The touch on and variable costs for the company include the costs made from the goods for the company which entails an amount of $125,369 last year. otherwise fixed costs include the income tax expenses for the soil that takes over $7200 a year. There are other extra expenses and items that as well cost around $7155 year. All these costs are financed from the total revenues earned by the company. It also entails all the benefits the company gets from customers as bonuses. It is to the advantage of the company that the company is able to sell quite a good number of new brands. Other premium customers are also able to award the company for the good work done. In order to have success and progress for the company, there is a calculation of the total sales realized from the brand cars. The compan y is able to sell over 500 brands of Ford motors within a day. The company is also able to sell motor parts including the gas engines and motor craft. It is also interesting that the company has made a good progress in the selling of the brands since it is able to advertise the goods all over the domain. This has made the net income for the company to increase $7155 the last year. The company is an industrial since it is able to meet its targets in the world of revolution. For the last two years, there is an improvement of the sales that have made the company to be under top five in the whole world.

Gothic Style Architecture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

chivalric Style architecture - Research Paper Example(White, 1993) The fashion is considered to be classical to some extent because it is prominent before the renaissance period came in. At the same time, it originated and had several modifications that were derived from the Romanesque Architecture. (Athena Publications, 1996) This style flourished during the Middle Ages, also cognise as Dark Ages. The most prominent and influential powers are the Church and the King. Feudal System flourished as well. In most cases, religion has a fuddled say about what happens in the society back then. However, Gothic period is also reflective of the low status of art during those times. (Thomas, 2000) Most of the Tribes of Goths, Vandals and the the likes of had an intention of eliminating the Greco-Roman culture. (Thomas, 2000) Gothic Architecture was preceded by the Romanesque Architectural which also had arches and several long domes. To some perspective, the Romanesque style influenced t he way Gothic architecture presented itself in history. Mostly, the Romanesque Architecture had its traditions and conventions derived from the Greco-Roman Architectural style. (Athena Publications, 1996) Given that case, we cannot fully consider Gothic art and architecture as something that is highly valued. Its crepuscular stigma and stereotype manifests the dark period where it is confined and existed. However, despite of its depreciation from the people during that period, specifically the tribes, this downfall period is reflective of the exchange of light and dark art periods Classical to conversion then to Baroque. (Thomas, 2000) Classical is more of dark, emotional themes and style in contrast to Renaissance which is more humanist and scientific. The Baroque which also values shadow and emotions are somehow related to the dark style the perpetrated the Classical or Gothic art and architecture period. What ultimately constitutes the conventions and technical aspects of the G othic Architectural design? The Gothic Architecture is commonly known to have specific structural elements, such as ribbed vaults, pointed arches, and the flying buttress. (Kidson, 2011) Ribbed Vaults showed the ceiling structure that is somehow seen like a dome on the inside with intricate designs that are withstanded by the columns. (Athena Publications, 1996) These vaults provided a spacious ceiling that made the Gothic buildings spacious and huge not just outside but also inside. The pointed arches, on the other hand, are viewed on the external of these buildings. On the bare minimum, these arches contributed to the spacious appearance that is on the job(p) in unison with the vaulted arches on the inside. At the same the arches also reflected the extravagance of the Gothic architecture. The flying buttresses have provided a different role in the existence of the Gothic Architecture. They are actually supporting the other structures of the Gothic Church, mainly the vault. (Athe na Publications, 1996) They are usually attached to walls and act as a support to the vaults of the Gothic buildings. To some extent, they provide more spacious ceiling appearance. Even if Gothic Architecture has a certain specific style, several styles of it emanated depending on a specific geographical domain. All of them are relatively the same, however, the French, Italian and English Gothic Architectural design asserted their own identity. France is considered to be the birthplace of this architectural movement. At the same time, there was a strong

Statement of purpose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Statement of purpose - Essay ExampleI chose to major in English Language beca ingestion I had a crown vision of the advantages of learning English. I became aware of the difficulties in learning the language, surmounted these difficulties with the guidance of my teachers, and decided to use my experience to help my people to learn and use the language for their material, cultural and spiritual progress. Some of my teachers were native speakers of English. There were advantages in learning their language from them, but I think some of my people whitethorn find it easier to be taught by one of their own. It was, therefore, natural, that I should apply for the post of an English Language teacher in my country. By the grace of God, the authorities recognised my qualifications, my skills, and my ambition and appointed me to the post. Again, by the grace of God, they acknowledged my merits by promoting me very soon to the position of Head of the General Studies Department.Even as I was t ry to master the art of teaching a foreign language to my countrymen, in my early days of teaching, I knew that I needed to learn more active the language and about the latest methods of teaching. When I became Head of the General Studies Department, I realized that I should wait no longer. I discussed this with the Director of the Institute, and he warm supported my views and wishes.

International Management Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Management - Scholarship Essay ExampleAs the essay disxcusses advancement and mount of Hungarian subsidiaries has occurred only to a limited extent and mostly in terms of scale, quality and elasticity of operations. The subsidiaries were unable to extend the required capabilities for a functional shift although the outer surroundings were by and large encouraging, and it served as the main(prenominal) reason why it was present in as absenting control center assignments in ethnocentric German activities. Regarding the prox research of the subsidiary development, investigations slackness and flaccidity should be taken into account. Most probably the subsidiaries would upgrade when the rate of development of the host country takes a organise due to the spread out make which are a settlementant of government subsidies and better market opportunities. One such prominent example is the progress and development seen in the Canadian subsidiaries.From the report findings subsidiary typology research has been observed to pursue distinct patterns, both theoretically and empirically. Most likely, typologies are frequently generated as second-order impacts from practical or idealized plans and strategies for controlling world(a) operations with subsidiary types pertaining to the parts they play in various types of different international strategies. underling roles ignore also be called as a result of a development of the multinationals increasing obligation towards global markets.... the increasing advancement in the multinationals mounting trueness towards international markets has also been of significance to the subsidiary roles. Generally, according to the results a considerable freedom in the act of decision-making regarding the production and operational issues was enjoyed by the subsidiaries the long-term strategical decisions, for instance tactical planning or restricting performance criteria. (K, 2005)Advancement and progress of Hungarian subsidiaries has occurred only to a limited extent and mostly in terms of scale, quality and elasticity of operations. Thesubsidiaries were unable to extend the required capabilities for a functional shift although the outer surroundings were by and large encouraging, and it served as the main reason why it was present in as absenting control center assignments in ethnocentric German activities. Regarding the future research of the subsidiary development, investigations slackness and flabbiness should be taken into account. Most probably the subsidiaries would upgrade when the rate of development of the host country takes a rise due to the spread out effects which are a resultant of government subsidies and better market opportunities. One such prominent example is the progress and development seen in the Canadian subsidiaries.Subsidiary typology research has been observed to pursue distinct patterns, both theoretically and empirically. Most likely, typologies are frequently genera ted as second-order impacts from practical or idealized plans and strategies for controlling global operations with subsidiary types pertaining to the parts they play in various types of different international strategies. Subsidiary roles can also be called as a result of a development of the multinationals increasing

Kant, Harry Frankfort, etc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Kant, Harry Frankfort, etc - Essay ExampleGoing by this logic Galbraith refutes the fact that turnout is done to satisfy wants since most of the times it is production that creates wants. Demands of consumers can have immoral roots but still that becomes valid reason in the troupe for production. However, Galbraith questions this validity since production which is the method of fulfilling wants itself becomes creator of demand. He comp ares this situation with the efforts of the squirrel to keep abreast of the wheel that is propelled by his own efforts (Galbraith, 135). Galbraith has established advertising and promotions as coefficient of reflection of this direct link between production and demand. One major objective of advertising, as per Galbraith, is to create demand for a product even if that demand did not previously exist. The emphasis lies on enhancing advertising budget if the producers want to arouse consumer interest for their products. Thus, Galbraith concludes that demands which are created by strategic persuasion of advertisements cannot be very pressing (Galbraith, 136).Hayek confirms that consumers will not have demand for something if it never was produced like no one can demand for a non-existent thing. Hayek has agreed with one part of Galbraiths argument, i.e. demands are urgent only when they are inherent. However, Hayek considers inherent demands as those which are associated with basic needs of humans like food and shelter. Needs for other products set forth only when people see and observe other people using and enjoying them. Thus, it is the cultural environment that creates desire and so Hayek does not agree with Galbraiths possibleness that demands are not urgent if they are not inherent as this theory invalidates the whole cultural achievement of man (Hayek, 1). Moreover, Hayek believes that hardly any demands are absolute and all demands are acquired tastes since demand for most goods produce feelings

Huckleberry finn Essay Example for Free

huckabackleberry finn Essayhuckleberry Finn is a male child ab proscribed thirteen or fourteen. He has been brought up by his father, the town drunk, and has a spartan cartridge clip fitting into society. Tom Sawyer and his aces occasionally call him Huck Finn. Widow Douglas is the kind old lady who has deliberaten Huck in aft(prenominal) he and Tom come into some money. She tries her best to civilize Huck, believing it is her Christian duty. elude Watson is the widows sister, a tough old spinster who also lives with them. She is jolly hard on Huck, causing him to resent her a good deal.Samuel Clemens may collapse drawn inspiration for her from several people he knew in his life. 4 Jim is Miss Watsons big, mild-mannered slave to whom Huck becomes very close in the novel, when they reunite aft(prenominal) Jim flees Miss Watson to seek refuge from slavery, and Huck and Jim become fellow travelers on the Mississippi River. Tom Sawyer is Hucks friend and peer, the main cha racter of other Twain novels and the leader of the town male childs in adventures, is the best fighter and the smartest kid in town. 4 Pap Finn, Hucks father, is the town drunk.He is often angry at Huck and resents him getting any kind of education. He also returns to Huck whenever he inevitably more money for alcohol. Judith Loftus plays a small part in the novel being the kind and perceptive woman whom Huck talks to in aim to find out about the search for Jim that many critics believe her to be the best female character in the novel. 4 The Grangerfords, an aristocratic Kentuckian family headed by the sextagenarian Colonel capital of Minnesota Grangerford, take Huck in after he is separated from Jim on the Mississippi.Huck becomes close friends with the youngest male of the family, Buck Grangerford, who is Hucks age. By the time Huck meets them, the Grangerfords have been engaged in an age-old blood feud with another local family, the Shepherdsons. The duke and the king atom ic number 18 two otherwise unnamed con artists whom Huck and Jim take aboard their agglomerate just forwards the start of their are adventures. They ar featured prominently throughout the novel, duping many local townspeople with their various get-rich-quick schemes.The old duke holds to be the long-lost Duke of Bridgewater (though he mistakenly says Bilgewater and is sometimes called this by the king), while the elderly king claims to be the long-lost Dauphin of France, and so is sometimes called Capet by the duke. Mary Jane, Joanna, and Susan Wilks are the three young nieces of their wealthy guardian, Peter Wilks, who has recently died. The duke and the king try to steal the inheritance left by Peter Wilks, by posing as Peters estranged brothers from England.Aunt Sally and Uncle Silas Phelps, are the two people whose nephew Huck poses as, after he abandons the duke and king. She is a loving, but high-strung lady, and he a footslog old man, two farmer and preacher. Many oth er characters play important but minimal roles in the many episodes that make up the novel. They include slaves owned by the various families they meet, supporting townspeople, commodes-men, a doctor and a steamboat captain. Plot summaryedit Huckleberry Finn, as depicted by E. W. Kemble in the original 1884 edition of the book In MissourieditThe story begins in fictional St.Petersburg, Missouri (based on the actual town of Hannibal, Missouri), on the shore of the Mississippi River, sometime between 1835 (when the first steamboat sailed down the Mississippi)5 and 1845.Huckleberry Huck Finn (the protagonist and first-person narrator) and his friend, Thomas Tom Sawyer, have each come into a considerable sum of money as a result of their earlier adventures (detailed in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer). Huck explains how he is placed under the guardianship of the Widow Douglas, who, together with her stringent sister, Miss Watson, are attempting to civilize him and teach him religion.Find ing cultivate life confining, his spirits are raised somewhat when Tom Sawyer helps him to escape one dark past Miss Watsons slave Jim, to meet up with Toms gang of self-proclaimed robbers. Just as the gangs activities begin to bore Huck, he is suddenly interrupted by the reappearance of his shiftless father, Pap, an abusive alcoholic. Knowing that Pap would that spend the money on alcohol, Huck is successful in preventing Pap from acquiring his fortune however, Pap still gains custody of Huck and leaves town with him.In Illinois and on Jacksons Islandedit Pap forcibly moves Huck to his isolated cabin in the woods on the Illinois shoreline. Due to Paps drunken violence and habit of keeping Huck locked inside the cabin, Huck, during one of his fathers absences, elaborately fakes his own death, escapes the cabin, and sets off down river. He settles comfortably, on Jacksons Island on the Mississippi. Here, Huck reunites with Jim, Miss Watsons slave. Jim has also run away after he o verheard Miss Watson planning to sell him down the river (to presumably more brutal owners).Jim plans to make his way to the town of Cairo in Illinois, a release state, so that he can later buy the rest of his enslaved familys freedom. At first, Huck is conflicted about the sin and crime of supporting a runaway slave, but as the two talk in depth and bond over their mutually held superstitions, Huck emotionally connects with Jim, who increasingly becomes Hucks close friend and guardian. After grueling flooding on the river, the two find a raft (which they keep) as salubrious as an entire contribute floating on the river. Entering the house to seek loot, Jim finds the naked body of a dead man lying on the floor, shot in the back.He prevents Huck from seeing the corpse. To find out the latest news in town, Huck dresses as a girl and enters the house of Judith Loftus, a woman new to the area, thinking she will not espy him as a boy. Huck learns from her about the news of his own s upposed murder Pap was initially blamed, but since Jim ran away he is also a suspect. A reward for Jims capture has initiated a manhunt. Mrs. Loftus becomes increasingly suspicious that Huck is a boy, finally proving it by a series of tests, such as noticing how well he throws and catches various items, and how he is terrible at sewing.Once he is exposed, she nevertheless allows him to leave her home without commotion, not realizing that he is the allegedly murdered boy they have just been discussing. Huck returns to Jim to tell him the news and that a party is coming to Jacksons Island that very night, so the two hastily load up the raft and depart. After a while, Huck and Jim come across a grounded steamship. Searching it, they stumble upon two thieves discussing murdering a third, but they flee before being noticed.They are later separated in a fog, making Jim intensely anxious, and when they reunite, Huck tricks Jim into thinking he dreamed the entire incident. Jim is not deceiv ed for long, and is deeply hurt that his friend should have teased him so mercilessly. Huck becomes remorseful and apologizes to Jim, though his conscience troubles him about humbling himself to a black man.In Kentucky the Grangerfords and Shepherdsonsedit Travelling onward, Huck and Jims raft is struck by a passing steamship, separating the two. Huck is given shelter on the Kentucky side of the river by the Grangerfords, an aristocratic family.He befriends Buck Grangerford, a boy about his age, and learns that the Grangerfords are engaged in a 30-year blood feud against another family, the Shepherdsons. The Grangerfords and Shepherdsons go to the same church and act peaceably inside, though both families bring guns, despite the churchs preachings on brotherly love. The vendetta finally comes to a head when Bucks older sister elopes with a member of the Shepherdson clan. In the resulting conflict, all the Grangerford males from this get-go of the family are shot and killed.Huck is particularly devastated by the brutality of Bucks murder, which he witnesses, but declines to describe. He is immensely relieved to be reunited with Jim, who has recovered and repaired the raft. In Arkansas the duke and the kingedit Near the Arkansas-Missouri-Tennessee border, Jim and Huck take two on-the-run grifters aboard the raft. The younger man, who is about thirty, introduces himself as the long-lost son of an face duke (the Duke of Bridgewater). The older one, about seventy, then trumps this outrageous claim by alleging that he himself is the Lost Dauphin, the son of Louis XVI and rightful King of France.The duke and king then become permanent passengers on Jim and Hucks raft, committing a series of dominance schemes upon unsuspecting locals all along their journey. To allow for Jims presence, they first print fake bills for an escaped slave that will divert suspicions, but later paint him up entirely blue and call him the Sick Arab so that he can move about the raft witho ut being tied up when in earth view. On one occasion, the swindlers advertise a three-night engagement of a play called The Royal Nonesuch.The play turns out to be only a couple of legal proceeding worth of an absurd, bawdy sham. On the afternoon of the first performance, a drunk called Boggs is shot dead by a gentleman named Colonel Sherburn a lynch family forms to retaliate against Sherburn and Sherburn, surrounded at his home, disperses the mob by making a defiant speech describing how true lynching should be done. By the third night of The Royal Nonesuch, the townspeople prepare for their revenge on the duke and king for their money-making scam, but the two cleverly skip town together with Huck and Jim just before the performance begins.In the next town, the two swindlers then impersonate two brothers of Peter Wilks, a recently deceased man of property. To match accounts of Wilkss brothers, the king attempts an English accent and the duke pretends to be a deaf-mute, while sta rting to collect Wilkss inheritance. Huck decides that Wilkss three orphaned nieces, who treat Huck with kindness, do not deserve to be cheated thus and so he tries to retrieve the nieces stolen inheritance. In a desperate moment, Huck is forced to hide the money in Wilkss coffin, which is buried the next morning.The arrival of two new men who seem to be the real brothers throws everything into confusion, so that the townspeople decide to dig up the coffin in order to set apart which are the true brothers, but, with everyone else distracted, Huck leaves for the raft, hoping never to see the duke and king again. Suddenly, though, the two villains return, to Hucks despair. When Huck is finally able to get away a second time to return to his raft to flee with Jim, he finds to his horror that the swindlers have sold Jim to a family that intends to return him to his proper owner for the reward.Defying his conscience and accepting the negative unearthly consequences he expects for his actionsAll right, then, Ill go to hell Huck resolves to free Jim once and for all. On the Phelps farmedit Huck learns that Jim is being held at the plantation of Silas and Sally Phelps. The familys nephew, Tom, is evaluate for a visit at the same time as Hucks arrival, so Huck is mistaken for Tom and welcomed into their home. He plays along, hoping to find Jims location and free him in a surprising plot twist, it is revealed that the expected nephew is in fact Tom Sawyer.When Huck intercepts the real Tom Sawyer on the road and tells him everything, Tom decides to kernel Hucks scheme, pretending to be his own younger half-brother, Sid, while Huck continues to pretend to be Tom. In the meantime, Jim has told the family about the two grifters and the new plan for The Royal Nonesuch, and so the townspeople capture the King and the Duke, who are then tarred and feathered and ridden out of town on a rail. Rather than simply sneaking Jim out of the overlook where he is being held, Tom d evelops an elaborate plan to free him, involving secret messages, a hidden